A fast computer tomograph (CT) system enabled by carbon nanotubes for airport x-ray scans of people and baggage is being developed by Siemens and Xintek in a joint venture.
Researchers from Siemens are investigating the use of small, fast X-ray sources based on nanotubes. In combination with a computer tomograph (CT) scanner, these could serve to generate high-quality images of rapid processes within the human body, such as the dispersion of a contrast medium. The radiation would be reduced without any sacrifice of image quality compared to the equipment in use today. The use of fast X-ray sources is also attractive for applications requiring a fast throughput. These include scanning systems for luggage and passengers in airports. Siemens is developing these sources together with the U.S. company Xintek in a joint venture by the name of XinRay Systems.
X-rays are generated when accelerated electrons strike an electrode. Today's conventional source for such electrons is a hot filament inside a vacuum tube. However, this type of system consumes a lot of energy, is reacts relatively slow, gets hot, and can only be miniaturized to a certain degree. Therefore, researchers look for "cold" electron sources which emit electrons under high voltage from a metal formed into tiny spikes or sharp edges.
Nanotubes made of carbon are ideal as so-called field emitters, since they are as conductive as metal and also very thin, with a diameter of a few nanometers. They can be activated in less than a millionth of a second, whereas it takes several hundredths of a second to trigger a conventional X-ray source. The researchers at Siemens, Xintek and XinRay first apply nanotubes to a metal substrate and then control these individually in order to create an array of mini electron sources. The technology stems from research by a team at the University of North Carolina and is now being developed into a commercial solution by Siemens.
In the most powerful CT scanners currently available from Siemens, two X-ray tubes revolve around the patient at more than three times per second. In the future, hundreds of mini X-ray sources could be permanently installed in a fixed circle and triggered in sequence. This would generate ten high-quality images per second — fast enough to enable observation of processes such as the destruction of tumor tissue during radiation therapy. It will take several years before such X-ray sources can be used in series-produced medical devices. However, their market readiness for use in industrial environments or to scan baggage in airports could come much sooner.
Thanks for the relevant item on X-rays. The nanoscience of ray emissions has a place in modern research concepts, where progress depends on challenging the pico/femtoscale horizon of electron, energy, and force fields. That approach relies on the data density of the atomic topological function applied to point mapping the example.
ReplyDeleteRecent advancements in quantum science have produced the picoyoctometric, 3D, interactive video atomic model imaging function, in terms of chronons and spacons for exact, quantized, relativistic animation. This format returns clear numerical data for a full spectrum of variables. The atom's RQT (relative quantum topological) data point imaging function is built by combination of the relativistic Einstein-Lorenz transform functions for time, mass, and energy with the workon quantized electromagnetic wave equations for frequency and wavelength.
The atom labeled psi (Z) pulsates at the frequency {Nhu=e/h} by cycles of {e=m(c^2)} transformation of nuclear surface mass to forcons with joule values, followed by nuclear force absorption. This radiation process is limited only by spacetime boundaries of {Gravity-Time}, where gravity is the force binding space to psi, forming the GT integral atomic wavefunction. The expression is defined as the series expansion differential of nuclear output rates with quantum symmetry numbers assigned along the progression to give topology to the solutions.
Next, the correlation function for the manifold of internal heat capacity energy particle 3D functions is extracted by rearranging the total internal momentum function to the photon gain rule and integrating it for GT limits. This produces a series of 26 topological waveparticle functions of the five classes; {+Positron, Workon, Thermon, -Electromagneton, Magnemedon}, each the 3D data image of a type of energy intermedon of the 5/2 kT J internal energy cloud, accounting for all of them.
Those 26 energy data values intersect the sizes of the fundamental physical constants: h, h-bar, delta, nuclear magneton, beta magneton, k (series). They quantize atomic dynamics by acting as fulcrum particles. The result is the exact picoyoctometric, 3D, interactive video atomic model data point imaging function, responsive to keyboard input of virtual photon gain events by relativistic, quantized shifts of electron, force, and energy field states and positions. This system also gives a new equation for the magnetic flux variable B, which appears as a waveparticle of changeable frequency.
Images of the h-bar magnetic energy waveparticle of ~175 picoyoctometers are available online at http://www.symmecon.com with the complete RQT atomic modeling manual titled The Crystalon Door, copyright TXu1-266-788. TCD conforms to the unopposed motion of disclosure in U.S. District (NM) Court of 04/02/2001 titled The Solution to the Equation of Schrodinger.